#D. Maximum Subarray

    Type: RemoteJudge 2000ms 512MiB

Maximum Subarray

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Description

You are given an array a1,a2,,ana_1, a_2, \dots, a_n, consisting of nn integers. You are also given two integers kk and xx.

You have to perform the following operation exactly once: add xx to the elements on exactly kk distinct positions, and subtract xx from all the others.

For example, if a=[2,1,2,3]a = [2, -1, 2, 3], k=1k = 1, x=2x = 2, and we have picked the first element, then after the operation the array a=[4,3,0,1]a = [4, -3, 0, 1].

Let f(a)f(a) be the maximum possible sum of a subarray of aa. The subarray of aa is a contiguous part of the array aa, i. e. the array ai,ai+1,,aja_i, a_{i + 1}, \dots, a_j for some 1ijn1 \le i \le j \le n. An empty subarray should also be considered, it has sum 00.

Let the array aa' be the array aa after applying the aforementioned operation. Apply the operation in such a way that f(a)f(a') is the maximum possible, and print the maximum possible value of f(a)f(a').

The first line contains a single integer tt (1t1041 \le t \le 10^4) — the number of test cases.

The first line of each test case contains three integers nn, kk and xx (1n21051 \le n \le 2 \cdot 10^5; 0kmin(20,n)0 \le k \le \min(20, n); 109x109-10^9 \le x \le 10^9).

The second line contains nn integers a1,a2,,ana_1, a_2, \dots, a_n (109ai109-10^9 \le a_i \le 10^9).

The sum of nn over all test cases doesn't exceed 21052 \cdot 10^5.

For each test case, print one integer — the maximum possible value of f(a)f(a').

Input

The first line contains a single integer tt (1t1041 \le t \le 10^4) — the number of test cases.

The first line of each test case contains three integers nn, kk and xx (1n21051 \le n \le 2 \cdot 10^5; 0kmin(20,n)0 \le k \le \min(20, n); 109x109-10^9 \le x \le 10^9).

The second line contains nn integers a1,a2,,ana_1, a_2, \dots, a_n (109ai109-10^9 \le a_i \le 10^9).

The sum of nn over all test cases doesn't exceed 21052 \cdot 10^5.

Output

For each test case, print one integer — the maximum possible value of f(a)f(a').

Sample Input 1

4
4 1 2
2 -1 2 3
2 2 3
-1 2
3 0 5
3 2 4
6 2 -8
4 -1 9 -3 7 -8

Sample Output 1

5
7
0
44

CF1796

Not Claimed
Status
Done
Problem
6
Open Since
2023-6-15 16:15
Deadline
2023-6-15 17:15
Extension
0 hour(s)